NAIDOC represents the National Aboriginal and Islanders Day Observance Committee and is celebrated each year.
NAIDOC WEEK has come and gone - it is a very significant event in the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders calendar. It is the time to celebrate Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cultures and an opportunity to recognise the contributions, both past and present that Indigenous Australians have made and continue to make to our country and society.
Before the 1960s, Australia’s indigenous people were not Australian citizens even though they had been born in Australia and their ancestors had lived here for generations. They were not allowed to vote, not counted in the census figures and didn’t have the same rights as white people.
They were like nobodies in their own country. That’s something that’s very hard for those who are part of the majority to imagine. But two men, William Cooper and Bill Ferguson understood it well.
One such person was William Cooper, a Yorta Yorta man. He was not only an advocate for his people but is remembered and celebrated in Israel in the Yad Vashem, Israel’s official memorial to the Jewish victims of the Holocaust. His public opposition to the initial Nazi attack on Jews was the only known non-government protest. For this the Jewish nation has established the Chair for the Study of Resistance during the Holocaust in tribute to William Cooper.
Bill Ferguson furious at being ignored by both political parties, resigned from the Labor Party and stood as an Independent for Dubbo in the 1949 Federal elections.
As an Independent member he made this commitment to his people:
‘To all you people of Aboriginal blood, I say…I am fighting for your freedom. Aboriginals still live under laws meant only to control criminals and lunatics: they are not allowed ordinary human rights…I can promise you nothing but the will to work.’
This would be his last public speech. Bill Ferguson collapsed as he left the platform and died of hypertensive heart disease in Dubbo Base Hospital on January 4th, 1950. (http://diduno.info/bill-ferguson/)
William Cooper
William was an Aboriginal who grew up in the early 1900s in NSW. He was taught to read and write by missionaries who ran a school for aboriginal children. From the Bible he learned that all people are created by God and are children of God. William also learned the words of Jesus ‘Treat other people the way you want them to treat you.’ He became a Christian and accepted these truths.
As he grew older he realised that Aboriginal people were not being treated this way. He wrote letters to government leaders protesting the inequality he saw around him and formed the Australian Aborigines League.
On one occasion, he gathered over 1800 signatures on a petition to King George V and V1 of England to improve the rights of Aboriginals but the Australian Government did not forward it on because the Australian Government and its laws did not accept them as Australian citizens.
William as a member of the Australian Workers Union had many friends within that organisation that helped him in his cause. In protest against Australia Day1938 he, Bill Ferguson and other Aboriginal activist organised the ‘Day of Mourning’ to be held at the same time in Sydney Town Hall.
However, they were refused access to the Town Hall. Later he persuaded some church leaders to recognise an Aboriginal Sunday starting in 1940 on the day before Australia Day. This became National Aborigines Day, which was changed to July and became a celebration of aboriginal culture, which we now know as NAIDOC Week.
On 9 November 1938 Nazis in Germany terrorised Jewish people, burning synagogues and smashing their homes and businesses. Ninety-one Jews were killed and 30,000 deported to concentration camps. People around the world were shocked, but William knew that he needed to protest the injustice that was happening.
As someone who had experienced oppression himself, he spoke passionately against it and led a deputation to the German consulate in Melbourne. The resolution they left voiced “on behalf of the Aborigines of Australia, a strong protest at the cruel persecution of the Jewish people by the Nazi Government of Germany”. It asked that this persecution be ended.
This was the only known non-government protest worldwide against the initial Nazi attack on the Jews at the time. In recent years, Jewish communities in Israel and Australia have honoured William Cooper, whose Christian beliefs led him to action on behalf of those who were oppressed.
Graham McDonald is the President of Diduno (Did You Know)